Understandings:
4.1.U1: Species are groups of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
4.1.U2: Members of a species may be reproductively isolated in separate populations.
4.1.U3: Species have either an autotrophic or heterotrophic method of nutrition (a few species have both methods).
4.1.U4: Consumers are heterotrophs that feed on living organisms by ingestion.
4.1.U5: Detritivores are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by internal digestion.
4.1.U6: Saprotrophs are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from dead organisms by external digestion.
4.1.U7: A community is formed by populations of different species living together and interacting with each other.
4.1.U8: A community forms an ecosystem by its interactions with the abiotic environment.
4.1.U9: Autotrophs obtain inorganic nutrients from the abiotic environment.
4.1.U10: The supply of inorganic nutrients is maintained by nutrient cycling.
4.1.U11: Ecosystems have the potential to be sustainable over long periods of time.
Skills:
4.1.S1: Classifying species as autotrophs, consumers, detritivores or saprotrophs from a knowledge of their mode of nutrition.
4.1.S2: Setting up sealed mesocosms to try to establish sustainability. (Practical 5) [Mesocosms can be set up in open tanks, but sealed glass vessels are preferable because entry and exit of matter can be prevented but light can enter and heat can leave. Aquatic systems are likely to be more successful than terrestrial ones.]
4.1.S3: Testing for association between two species using the chi-squared test with data obtained by quadrat sampling. [To obtain data for the chi-squared test, an ecosystem should be chosen in which one or more factors affecting the distribution of the chosen species varies. Sampling should be based on random numbers. In each quadrat the presence or absence of the chosen species should be recorded.]
4.1.S4: Recognizing and interpreting statistical significance.
4.1.U1: Species are groups of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
4.1.U2: Members of a species may be reproductively isolated in separate populations.
4.1.U3: Species have either an autotrophic or heterotrophic method of nutrition (a few species have both methods).
4.1.U4: Consumers are heterotrophs that feed on living organisms by ingestion.
4.1.U5: Detritivores are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by internal digestion.
4.1.U6: Saprotrophs are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from dead organisms by external digestion.
4.1.U7: A community is formed by populations of different species living together and interacting with each other.
4.1.U8: A community forms an ecosystem by its interactions with the abiotic environment.
4.1.U9: Autotrophs obtain inorganic nutrients from the abiotic environment.
4.1.U10: The supply of inorganic nutrients is maintained by nutrient cycling.
4.1.U11: Ecosystems have the potential to be sustainable over long periods of time.
Skills:
4.1.S1: Classifying species as autotrophs, consumers, detritivores or saprotrophs from a knowledge of their mode of nutrition.
4.1.S2: Setting up sealed mesocosms to try to establish sustainability. (Practical 5) [Mesocosms can be set up in open tanks, but sealed glass vessels are preferable because entry and exit of matter can be prevented but light can enter and heat can leave. Aquatic systems are likely to be more successful than terrestrial ones.]
4.1.S3: Testing for association between two species using the chi-squared test with data obtained by quadrat sampling. [To obtain data for the chi-squared test, an ecosystem should be chosen in which one or more factors affecting the distribution of the chosen species varies. Sampling should be based on random numbers. In each quadrat the presence or absence of the chosen species should be recorded.]
4.1.S4: Recognizing and interpreting statistical significance.
Mesocosms
4.1.U11 Ecosystems have the potential to be sustainable over long periods of time.
Ecosystems describe the interaction between biotic components (i.e. communities) and abiotic components (i.e. habitat)
There are three main components required for sustainability in an ecosystem:
Ecosystems describe the interaction between biotic components (i.e. communities) and abiotic components (i.e. habitat)
- They are largely self-contained and have the capacity to be self-sustaining over long periods of time
There are three main components required for sustainability in an ecosystem:
- Energy availability – light from the sun provides the initial energy source for almost all communities
- Nutrient availability – saprotrophic decomposers ensure the constant recycling of inorganic nutrients within an environment
- Recycling of wastes – certain bacteria can detoxify harmful waste byproducts (e.g. denitrifying bacteria such as Nitrosomonas)
- A terrarium is a small transparent container (e.g. glass or plastic) in which selected plants (or animals) are kept and observed
4.1 - Powerpoint |
4.1 - Guided Notes |
4.1 - Quizlet