ASSESSMENT STATEMENTS:
2.1.1 List the principal structures of the ventilatory system
2.1.2 Outline the functions of the conducting airways
2.1.3 Define the following terms
2.1.4 Explain the mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs
2.1.5 Describe the nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise
2.1.6 Outline the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transportation
2.1.7 Explain the process of gaseous exchange at the alveoli
2.1.1 List the principal structures of the ventilatory system
- Identify and label : Lungs, Alveoli, Nose, Larynx, Bronchi, Pharynx, Trachea, Mouth, Bronchioles
2.1.2 Outline the functions of the conducting airways
2.1.3 Define the following terms
- Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
- Pulmonary ventilation (PV)
- Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
- Residual Volume (RV)
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
- Vital Capacity (VC)
- Tidal Volume (TV)
2.1.4 Explain the mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs
- Include the actions of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, and the relationship between volume and pressure. Students should be aware that accessory muscles are also important during strenuous exercise.
2.1.5 Describe the nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise
- Limit to ventilation increases as a direct result of increases in blood acidity levels (low pH) due to increased carbon dioxide content of the blood detected by the respiratory center. This results in an increase in the rate and depth of ventilation. Neural control of ventilation includes lung stretch receptors, muscle proprioceptors and chemoreceptors. The role of H+ ions and reference to partial pressure of oxygen are not required.
2.1.6 Outline the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transportation
- Most (98.5%) of oxygen in the blood is transported by hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin within red blood cells.
2.1.7 Explain the process of gaseous exchange at the alveoli
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