JO IB BIO II: unit 6A inheritance
ESSENTIAL IDEA: The inheritance of genes follows patterns. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How are alleles passed from parents to offspring? How do alleles get assorted into gametes in meiosis? What is different about dominant alleles and co-dominant alleles of a gene? Why are some alleles recessive? Why do men more often show phenotypes of genetic diseases like colour blindness and haemophilia than women? |
UNDERSTANDINGS / APPLICATIONS / SKILLS / NATURE OF SCIENCE:
MENDEL
3.4.U1 Mendel discovered the principles of inheritance with experiments in which large numbers of pea plants were crossed.
3.4.NOS Making quantitative measurements with replicates to ensure reliability, Mendel’s genetic crosses with peas plants generated numerical data.
PUNNETT SQUARES
3.4.U2 Gametes are haploid so contain only one allele of each gene.
3.4.U4 Fusion of gametes results in diploid zygotes with two alleles of each gene that may be the same allele or different alleles.
3.4.S1 Construction of Punnett grids for predicting the outcomes of monohybrid genetic crosses.
COMPLETE DOMINANCE
3.4.U5 (A) Dominant alleles mask the effect of recessive alleles but co-dominant alleles have joint effects.
3.4.U9 Many genetic diseases have been identified in humans but most are very rare.
3.4.U6 Many genetic diseases in human are due to recessive alleles of autosomal genes.
D.1.A2: Cause and treatment of phenylketonuria
3.4.U7 (A) Some genetic diseases are due to dominant alleles.
3.4.A3 Inheritance of cystic fibrosis and Huntington’s disease.
CODOMINANCE
3.4.U5: (B) Codominant alleles have joint effects
3.4.U7b: Some genetic diseases are codominant alleles
3.4.A1 Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
SEX LINKAGE
3.4.U7: (C) Some genetic diseases are sex-linked and some are due to dominant or codominant alleles
3.4.U8: The pattern of inheritance is different with sex-linked genes due to to their location on sex chromosomes
3.4.A2: Re-green colour blindness and haemophilia as examples of sex-linked inheritance
PEDIGREES
3.4.S3: Analysis of pedigree charts to deduce the pattern of inheritance of genetic diseases
TESTING PREDICTIONS
3.4.S2: Comparison of predicted and actual outcomes of genetic crosses using real data
10.2.U5: Chi-square tests are used to determine whether the difference between an observed and expected frequency distribution is statistically significant
MENDEL
3.4.U1 Mendel discovered the principles of inheritance with experiments in which large numbers of pea plants were crossed.
3.4.NOS Making quantitative measurements with replicates to ensure reliability, Mendel’s genetic crosses with peas plants generated numerical data.
PUNNETT SQUARES
3.4.U2 Gametes are haploid so contain only one allele of each gene.
3.4.U4 Fusion of gametes results in diploid zygotes with two alleles of each gene that may be the same allele or different alleles.
3.4.S1 Construction of Punnett grids for predicting the outcomes of monohybrid genetic crosses.
COMPLETE DOMINANCE
3.4.U5 (A) Dominant alleles mask the effect of recessive alleles but co-dominant alleles have joint effects.
3.4.U9 Many genetic diseases have been identified in humans but most are very rare.
3.4.U6 Many genetic diseases in human are due to recessive alleles of autosomal genes.
D.1.A2: Cause and treatment of phenylketonuria
3.4.U7 (A) Some genetic diseases are due to dominant alleles.
3.4.A3 Inheritance of cystic fibrosis and Huntington’s disease.
CODOMINANCE
3.4.U5: (B) Codominant alleles have joint effects
3.4.U7b: Some genetic diseases are codominant alleles
3.4.A1 Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
SEX LINKAGE
3.4.U7: (C) Some genetic diseases are sex-linked and some are due to dominant or codominant alleles
3.4.U8: The pattern of inheritance is different with sex-linked genes due to to their location on sex chromosomes
3.4.A2: Re-green colour blindness and haemophilia as examples of sex-linked inheritance
PEDIGREES
3.4.S3: Analysis of pedigree charts to deduce the pattern of inheritance of genetic diseases
TESTING PREDICTIONS
3.4.S2: Comparison of predicted and actual outcomes of genetic crosses using real data
10.2.U5: Chi-square tests are used to determine whether the difference between an observed and expected frequency distribution is statistically significant