- Transgenic Bt corn pollen has a negative effect on effect on monarch butterfly larvae feedling next to Bt corn fields
- Both concentrations of pollen (i.e. amount of Bt gene toxin) decreased larval survival rates
- 1,300 grains/cm2 had lower survival rate than the 135 grains/cm2
- Therefore, higher concentrations of Bt gene toxin decreased larval survival rates
- Wind-dispersed pollen containing Bt gene toxin can cause larval mortality
- e.g. Event 176 pollen causes larval mortality in non-Bt plants