ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
Which features can we use to arrange species into "family trees" of related species?
How does the modern ability to analyse the DNA sequence of a whole organism help to group species?
Can you give any examples of how classification of organisms has changed in the light of evidence from cladistics?
Why are fore-limbs (with 5 fingers) thought to be homologous structures, but the wings of a pterodactyl and bat wings are considered analogous - similar structures which developed independently?
UNDERSTANDINGS / SKILLS / APPLICATIONS / NATURE OF SCIENCE
5.4.U1: A clade is a group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor.
5.4.U5: Cladograms are tree diagrams that show the most probable sequence of divergence in clades.
5.4.A1: Cladograms including human and other primates.
5.4.S1: Analysis of cladograms to deduce evolutionary relationships.
5.4.U2: Evidence for which species are part of a clade can be obtained from the base sequences of a gene or the corresponding amino acid sequence of a protein.
5.4.U3: Sequence differences accumulate gradually so there is a positive correlation between the number of differences between two species and the time since they diverged from a common ancestor.
5.4.U6: Evidence from cladistics has shown that classifications of some groups based on structure did not correspond with the evolutionary origins of a group or species.
5.4.U4: Traits can be analogous or homologous.
5.4.NOS: Falsification of theories with one theory being superseded by another- plant families have been reclassified as a result of evidence from cladistics.
5.4.A2: Reclassification of the figwort family using evidence from cladistics.
Which features can we use to arrange species into "family trees" of related species?
How does the modern ability to analyse the DNA sequence of a whole organism help to group species?
Can you give any examples of how classification of organisms has changed in the light of evidence from cladistics?
Why are fore-limbs (with 5 fingers) thought to be homologous structures, but the wings of a pterodactyl and bat wings are considered analogous - similar structures which developed independently?
UNDERSTANDINGS / SKILLS / APPLICATIONS / NATURE OF SCIENCE
5.4.U1: A clade is a group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor.
5.4.U5: Cladograms are tree diagrams that show the most probable sequence of divergence in clades.
5.4.A1: Cladograms including human and other primates.
5.4.S1: Analysis of cladograms to deduce evolutionary relationships.
5.4.U2: Evidence for which species are part of a clade can be obtained from the base sequences of a gene or the corresponding amino acid sequence of a protein.
5.4.U3: Sequence differences accumulate gradually so there is a positive correlation between the number of differences between two species and the time since they diverged from a common ancestor.
5.4.U6: Evidence from cladistics has shown that classifications of some groups based on structure did not correspond with the evolutionary origins of a group or species.
5.4.U4: Traits can be analogous or homologous.
5.4.NOS: Falsification of theories with one theory being superseded by another- plant families have been reclassified as a result of evidence from cladistics.
5.4.A2: Reclassification of the figwort family using evidence from cladistics.
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